Pressure ulcers (also known as bedsores) are wounds that occur when skin and the underlying tissue get damaged from prolonged pressure.

For example, if you stay in one position for too long, the constant pressure can cut off circulation to that area of skin and cause it to break down . Pressure ulcers can be painful, slow down healing, and increase the risk of infection.

The good news is most pressure ulcers can be prevented with the right care. Off-loading and pressure relief simply mean reducing pressure on vulnerable areas of your body. Here are some essential prevention strategies:

Tips:

• Protect your skin daily: Take good care of your skin so it stays strong. Inspect your skin every day, especially on bony areas like your heels, hips, tailbone, and elbows, to catch any early redness or sore spots . Keep your skin clean and dry (use a gentle cleanser and warm – not hot – water) , and use moisturizers to prevent dryness and cracking. If you have trouble with urine or stool, barrier creams can protect your skin in those areas .
  
  
• Change positions often: Reposition yourself frequently to relieve pressure. If you’re in bed, try to switch your lying position at least every 2 hours. If you’re in a chair or wheelchair, shift your weight or have someone help reposition you every hour . Use pillows or foam wedges to cushion bony areas and to keep your knees or ankles from pressing on each other . A good tip for bedtime is to place a pillow under your lower legs so that your heels “float” off the mattress (rather than pressing into the bed) .
  
  
• Use supportive surfaces: Special cushions or mattresses can greatly reduce pressure on vulnerable spots. Ask your healthcare team if you need a pressure-relieving mattress or seat cushion. Often, foam, gel, or air cushions are recommended – avoid donut-shaped cushions, which can actually make pressure ulcers worse . Using soft padding (like heel protectors) can also help protect your heels and other high-risk areas .
  
  
• Eat well and stay hydrated: Good nutrition keeps your skin healthy. Try to eat balanced meals with enough protein and with vitamins like A, C, and D, plus minerals like zinc and iron, to support your skin and tissue repair . Also, drink plenty of fluids (water is best) so your skin stays elastic and doesn’t get too fragile .
  
  
• Watch for warning signs: Despite your best efforts, it’s important to catch any developing problems early. Be alert for red or dark patches on the skin that don’t fade after you relieve the pressure, any blisters or open sores, or unusual drainage on your sheets or clothes . If you notice swelling, warmth, a bad odor, increased pain, or fever, these could be signs of a developing pressure ulcer or infection  – contact your provider right away.